It Is Not Goodness to Be Better Than the Worst free essay sample

It isn't goodness to be superior to the most exceedingly terrible. ’’ Most individuals, when given a task, will do the least conceivable work required to in any event pass. Clearly, with fresher and more current innovations, individuals have gets sluggish after some time. In the event that one is close to death, it doesn’t imply that they are equivalent to one who is totally fine. There are innumerable models for a statement, for example, this. Understudies may just meet the insignificant prerequisites for a venture only for it to be scarcely enough to pass. Having more work done takes into consideration the general evaluation to surpass what might have been composed at the negligible necessities. I recollect when I was in 6th grade, my instructor alloted the class a 200 word outline of what we found out about during history time. To us this appeared to be a great deal, however we figured out how to have it finished by the due date. We will compose a custom exposition test on It Is Not Goodness to Be Better Than the Worst or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I wound up having an exposition longer than the prerequisites, as did different understudies, however there were a rare sorts of people who decided to compose just 200 words or more. The understudies who composed well over the 200 least were given additional credit. I was content with my additional credit, yet others weren’t upbeat when they got a lower grade because of their synopsis containing numerous missteps, for example, incorrect spellings and syntactic blunders. Now and again, being better than another will majorly affect the two individuals. The better one will act affected and uninformed to the individuals who simply need to support him. As a result of these changes, the lesser individual will comport oneself to accept he is lesser and will continue accepting so for quite a while. Except if he understands that it was only one time, he will keep on accepting his latent capacity isn't as incredible as the more prominent man. This statement is befuddling me now, it is acceptable to not be the most exceedingly terrible however there is a distinction. It’s great to compose long paper and get a decent imprint, however don’t be pompous. In any case, on the off chance that one isn't the most exceedingly awful, yet has gotten a terrible blemish on a similar task, at that point he despite everything has not been acceptable. In â€Å"Mills is most exceedingly terrible performing West African leader† (2012), Fiifi Arhin attests that President Mills has not totally been the most noticeably terrible pioneer, but instead the â€Å"10th most noticeably terrible performing pioneer of 2011†. Arhin records the far more terrible Presidents and states that it couldn't totally have been their shortcomings as â€Å"other factors came into play†. The numerous models utilized in the article are previous Presidents that have accomplished astoundingly mediocre work that President Mills. This article is written in a belittling tone towards the Presidents, and convinces the crowd with realities. With these models, I have at long last settled on a choice to concur with this week’s latin statement. It isn't extraordinary to be the most exceedingly terrible. To be marginally better than that of the most noticeably awful is still observed as poor. It is extraordinary to be the best. In any case, on the off chance that you are not the best nor most exceedingly terrible you are in the center, and that is a confounding spot to be.

Grendel and Cain Essay

In the narrative of Beowulf you get a brief look at a wide range of subjects all through this epic. Those subjects extend from great and malevolence to those of death and greatness. The story itself delineates a period in history when life was lead â€Å"blind† through the lessons of the book of the master and his verbally expressed words. At this equivalent period in history conventional agnostic strict practices and convictions have gradually offered route to the goals and reasoning of Christianity. Huge numbers of the topics held inside the pages of Beowulf originate from the adages and tales discussed and rehearsed in the Old Testament, while simultaneously including agnostic convictions of beasts, evil presences, and numerous divine beings. The most striking of these scriptural correlations is seen between Grendel (the hero, abhorrent opponent of Beowulf) and Cain (the underhanded sibling of Able). In the Old Testament, Cain murders his sibling Abel and is thus rebuffed and exiled from the Garden of Eden by God. His activities demonstrated to dramatically affect the life of Grendel and the decisions he makes for a mind-blowing duration until his epic battle for triumph over the Geats and Beowulf himself. Emblematically and hereditarily, Grendel expect the job of his progenitor Cain in this epic story as a pariah, abandoned from the remainder of society, finding a home just among the obscure (detestable) and the individuals who have trespassed. Benefiting from the fragile living creature and blood of god’s manifestations, Grendel begins a fiery fight to annihilate all that is acceptable and the things he can not have. To the Anglo-Saxons and the makers of Beowulf, one of the most exceedingly terrible wrongdoings an individual could have submitted in life was that of killing ones family (or the murdering of one’s sibling). During the time of this composing the figure of Cain is utilized figuratively to speak to â€Å"the unknown† (disorder, underhanded) and the nearness of malevolence. Cain resists divine beings will thus he disconnects himself to the shades of malice of the encompassing scene just to encourage a disdain of god and a family reviled forever. The period where Grendel and Cain dwelled in was profoundly organized around the book of the ruler (book of scriptures) and accordingly made a general public organized around the lessons and ethics of its accounts. The possibility of kinship and family being spoiled through the demonstration of homicide is one of the most noticeably terrible things an individual can do and the results of that are extreme. Grendel is his very own survivor world and the activities of his predecessors. The general public for which Grendel needs to overcome and deny existenceâ proves to be the maker and destroyer of his shocking being. In the great story of Cain and Able, Cain desirously kills his sibling Able in a horrendous clamor of envy and outrage. For his transgression, he was ousted from humankind forever and left uniquely to live dislodged from the schedules of typical creatures and compelled to live among the dull and the evil. Cain was the first of a reviled family to be ousted for the wrongdoings he submitted. His discipline demonstrated to drastically affect him and the fate of his blood line. His discipline produced his commitment to holding resentment against god himself and the inaccessible light he has been prevented from securing. Subsequent to being the primary conceived of Adam and eve, Cain proceeded to turn into a rancher of the ground, while his sibling Abel followed the quest for a manager of the sheep. Cain turned into a self-willing, malignant man, insubordinate in his demeanor towards God and his connection to his kinfolk. His interminable sin was submitted on the seventh day or Sunday of the week while the two siblings were introducing contributions to the ruler. Abel’s offering was of the â€Å"firstlings of his run and of the fat† (Gen. 4:4), while Cain’s â€Å"was of the product of the ground† (Gen. 4:3). For Abel’s penance, he gave the best he had thus his contribution was regarded by his older folks while Cain’s offering was despised and excused. It was therefore Cain brood outrage towards his family; the most exceedingly terrible of which was centered around his more youthful sibling Able. After his disfavor towards the ruler and his family, Cain’s aloofness towards his sibling delivered sentiments of dangerous expectation and contempt. Sometime this frantic shock drove him to kill Able in crude uneventful contempt. For his transgression he was ousted from Eden. From that day on he drove the life of an outcast, bound to be â€Å"a criminal and drifter in the earth† (Gen. 4:12) and precluded the rights from securing a typical man, just to exposed the characteristic of a miscreant and cautioning to other people. With this Cain strolled into the place where there is Nod (obscure, insidious, dull), just to leave an inheritance felt by the ages of his posterity. At the point when Cain executed Able, he touched off the unceasing fire of a reviled family. From Cain’s blood came â€Å"the revile of his outcast and sprang monstrosities and mythical beings and abhorrence ghosts and the goliaths too† (Beowulf. Pg. 35), haziness involved is inheritance and insidiousness typified his future. Grendel is a relative of Cain, so he shares Cain’s oust from all that is acceptable and light. Cain may have been theâ first uprooted individual after Adam and Eve, however he was not the last. Grendel shares his ancestor’s discipline, he is banished not just from whatever land or riches he would have had on the off chance that he were â€Å"human†, however he is likewise relinquished by God and all who followed and enjoy his confidence and glory. It is this relinquishment that causes Grendel to devastate and kill. â€Å"The treasure seat, he was shielded from drawing closer; he was the Lords outcast† (Beowulf pg.36), s ince he can't move toward the seat of the Lord like the remainder of humanity, he decides to endeavor to demolish it. He has no affection for God and his kids on the off chance that he can not be with them â€Å"hand in hand†. In any case, in contrast to Cain and his folks, Grendel is bound from his creation by being considered into a blood line stricken by an unfathomable length of time of expulsion from God’s light due to Cain’s sin against his sibling. It is consequently why Grendel slaughters. He can never be in the light since he is continually battling a forlorn war against God and the entirety of his manifestations. In light of his ejection from that which is acceptable, he is besides disposed of by everything that follows in the wake of divine beings will (individuals, society, life, and so on.). The content alludes to him as â€Å"spurned and joyless† (Beowulf pg. 47); it is no big surprise why Grendel was considered so huge. He didn't acknowledge his expulsion without retaliating. Like a great many people who are chafed and detached and afterward positioned between a â€Å"rock and a hard place† he retaliated â€Å"insensible to agony and human sorrow† (Beowulf pg. 35) for those he killed. The purpose for his activities isn't on the grounds that he is a boisterous beast, yet rather, he is overpowered by desire since he can't partake in the riches god has made available to mankind. In view of this, if Grendel can not step into the light and become some portion of the life as saw all things considered. At that point he will devastate it and leave it for nobody. Similarly as Cain did before him, Grendel will never be content with himself as long as he should exposed observer to the celebrating of life and love delighted in by all whom sumptuous in the gleam of Gods hands. Regardless of whether it is Grendel or his progenitor Cain, the two of them experience the ill effects of the misery of attempting to make due in a world as reviled creatures, compelled to opposed around in the edges of the cool night and the forlornness of a sun seared day. In the wake of decimating the ideal picture of a substance individual for the sake of envy and outrage, Cain; illegal to enter the known world forever,â created a range of authority which played into the eventual fate of his kids and his grandchildren’s kids, etc. Despite the fact that the sign of Cain isn't clear on Grendel’s physical qualities, the nearness of his reviled nature is. He like Cain experiences a surrender of confidence and humankind. As outsiders the two of them discover disdain and scorn towards the things they need most, regardless of whether it’s affirmation by god and all that is acceptable on the planet or the capacity to meander unreservedly unafraid of criticism and an tagonistic vibe. To humankind they represent a danger more regrettable then the entirety of most people’s fears. They speak to all that is terrible on the planet and accordingly end up dismissed by everything great the world brings to the table. It is conditions like these that have demonstrated to draw out the most exceedingly awful in an individual, for example, they did in Cain and his later precursor Grendel. What might you anticipate from those compelled to live among the uprooted in a world angry of there presence. Rather than being acknowledged for there mishaps and pardoned for there sins, they where dismissed for what they where and what they had become, bringing about an animal roused by agony and lack of concern exacted by the manager of there being and the crowd of there lives.

Recent Applications of Keratin

Ongoing Applications of Keratin Theoretical This survey examines the ongoing utilizations of keratin and keratin-based materials. Keratin-Based Materials The keratin-based materials are created from keratin filaments, for example, human hair, skin, hooves, plumes, mouths, feet and horns (18). For biomedical and pharmaceutical purposes, human hair is a favored significant wellspring of keratin for a few reasons. In the first place, it is accessible promptly from hair stylist and excellence salons. Additionally, human hair is less inclined to cause undesired unfavorably susceptible or insusceptible responses in a human. At long last, a determined keratin material can be produced using the hair of an individual for whom the keratin-based material will be utilized (13). Creature quills are additionally significant assets for keratin extraction. Consistently, there are 5 million tons of chicken quills delivered from chicken meat as a waste stream (8). Along these lines, plumes are rich wellspring of keratin that can be effectively acquired. There are various techniques to extricate the keratin-based material from the keratin sources. One technique incorporates incomplete oxidization of some disulfide linkages of the keratin with an oxidizing operator, for example, peracetic corrosive, while remaining disulfide linkages are left unblemished. The halfway oxidized hair is powdered and the staying flawless disulfide linkages are cut with a diminishing operator. An insoluble piece of keratin part is, at that point, expelled by centrifugation (3, 15). The dissolvable part, including alpha keratin, is sanitized and oxidized to change disulfide linkages between protein spines (3, 19). The oxidized solvent part is effortlessly broken up and can shape keratin arrangements with controlled focuses (19). The created keratin strong can be utilized in a sinewy structure when destroyed, in a powder structure when finely ground, in a hydrogel or viscoelastic hydrogel when hydrated by including water, or might be utilized in specific epitomes (13). These materials are utilized for biomedical, pharmaceutical, biosorbent, and mechanical applications. Wound Dressing The ideal injury dressing secures the harmed tissue, keeps up dampness while being water porous, is anything but difficult to apply, and conveys powerful recuperating operators to the injured tissue (15). The keratin-based material goes about as a non-antigenic injury mending material (3). The keratin-based film is suitable to be utilized as an injury dressing. The permeable wipe frameworks of keratin can assume a significant job in retaining wound exudates and in keeping up a sound and damp condition for mending a physical issue (16). Likewise, a hydratable keratin strong powder that is additionally utilized in a type of a keratin hydrogel when included water is utilized as an injury dressing (13). These exceptionally spongy keratin strong fiber and powder furnish an additional advantage alongside the water retentiveness. This advantage incorporates recuperating or mitigating peptides related with the keratin (18). Blanchard et al. (3) tried the keratin power, which would be utilized to create a keratin hydrogel when hydrated, as wound mending operator with a few benefactor destinations. The cleaned keratin powder is applied on a portion of a benefactor wound site and the other half is treated with a standard treatment. The outcome shows the parts treated with the keratin powder develop quicker and epithelialize all the more quickly. Likewise, the patients with the injuries have essentially less agony with the keratin power treatment (3). Than et al. (4) directed an investigation concentrating on the impacts of the keratin dressing on constant injuries of various cases. For one of the examined cases, a negligibly exudative injury, which had been existed for 11.5 months, was treated with a lattice dressing delivered from freeze-dried keratin protein. This dressing permits the quick development of new tissue by reabsorbing into the created tissue. The injury was mended following 30 weeks (Figure 2). Additionally, the patient had encountered the rehashed leg ulcers; yet, the patient stayed sans ulcer after the treatment (4). Figure 1 (1A) Ulcer under keratin-determined lattice dressing treatment at Day 0; (1B) Healed ulcer under keratin-inferred grid dressing treatment at Day 99 (4) Pharmaceutical Siller-Jackson et al. (13) and Van Dyke et al. (18) proposed an innovation of the keratin material joined with nonwoven film, which can be utilized in a few unique applications. One of the applications is that the strong keratin with nonwoven film can frame a gainful medication conveyance framework when it is joined with dynamic pharmaceutical specialists. These pharmaceutical operators, including the aggravates that may permit particle trade with sulfonic corrosive gatherings of keratin, can be detailed as hydrochlorides, polar specialists, protein specialists, polypeptide operators, and peptide operators (18). Polypeptide operators incorporate both local and recombinant polypeptides (13). Table 1 gives the rundown of the classes and kinds of pharmaceutical operators (13, 18). Table 1 Classes and Types of Pharmaceutical Agents (13, 18) The creation of Van Dyke et al. (18) proposes that the use of the medication conveyance framework with strong keratin gives a few huge points of interest. In this framework, the properties of the measurement type of a medication can be dictated by the substance and material properties of the keratin, while with most conveyance frameworks, the degree of a medication is kept up at a reliable focus with supported or controlled discharge. Additionally, the nonwoven film sedate conveyance framework is acted in non-watery media, which is an unmistakable favorable position in light of the fact that non-water solvent medications are normally problematic to plan into helpful measurement structures. Moreover, keratin can assume a double job of wound dressing and medication conveyance framework all the while, permitting a less nosy treatment than discrete medicines (18). Hemostat Aboushwareb et al. (7) exhibited the hemostatic qualities of the human hair keratin hydrogel with the capacity to retain liquid and tie cells effectively. The examinations assess the adequacy of human hair keratin hydrogel in a deadly model of liver injury in a hare model, contrasted with other business hemostats. The investigation demonstrated the adequacy of the keratin biomaterials in capturing drain and expanding the survivability in a model of liver injury, comparably to the thought about business products.ã‚â Also, it was demonstrated that the keratin hydrogel doesn't deliver unfriendly cell and tissue reactions (7). Embed Filler The keratin hydrogel can likewise be utilized as an enlargement of delicate tissue, remembering increase of vocal harmonies for request to reestablish flexibility, and growth of bosoms, lips, jawline, gluteal zone, and wrinkled or skin break out scarred skin so as to improve the presence of a subject (25). The biocompatible viscoelastic keratin hydrogel is utilized as an embed filler (25). Such keratin hydrogel gives a characteristic showing up and safe embed for remaking or filling the human bosom, and different tissues. The embed might be utilized in a few different ways. One way is that the strong hydrogel embed antecedent is hydrated before putting the filler into an embed envelope. Another way is that tissue expanders are contained in an envelope with the keratin hydrogel. This technique permits the embed to assimilate the body liquids through the envelope and expanding in a volume at a controlled rate, giving an increasingly helpful and agreeable embed contrasted with customary inserts (18). The keratin hydrogel inserts are less poisonous than the silicone inserts, if there should be an occurrence of the danger of a spillage. Likewise, the keratin fillers give more normal appearance and feeling than saline inserts do. Also, the keratin inserts don't require a second intrusive technique to collect tissue as fat cells do (18). Biosorbent The enthusiasm for the utilization of biomass for the broke up metal expulsion from watery arrangements has been expanding a direct result of the generally significant expense of the customary water treatment materials, the complex operational set-up, and the wellbeing safety measures (9). The keratin-based material can be utilized as the cleansing technique for common and waste water assets polluted with metal (8). The keratin protein fiber is utilized to sanitize substantial metal-defiled water. The fleece keratin has been accounted for to take-up mercury, copper, silver, cadmium, lead, chromium, and aluminum. Additionally, mohair keratin has been accounted for to evacuate copper (9). Khosa and Ullah (10) have as of late introduced the utilization of the keratin biopolymer for the expulsion of arsenic. Additionally, Saucedo-Rivalcoba et al. (11) have proposed the utilization of polyurethane-keratin half breed films so as to ingest and expel hexavalent chromium from water. Elastic Hergenrother et al. (12) has proposed the usage of keratin as a filler in elastic pieces. This utilization of keratin related to coupling specialists expands dynamic stockpiling modulus (G) while not influencing the physical properties of the mixes. The keratin filler utilized is gotten from avian plume or quill supper, which has higher mass thickness than ground quill. The mixes of the filler are affordable and simple to process. Likewise, these are naturally agreeable in light of the fact that even a modest quantity of avian quill utilized will permit the diminished measure of non-inexhaustible fillers, for example, carbon dark, to be utilized (12). The keratin filler utilized for elastic is beta-keratin-based and water-insoluble. Keratin from quills is generally monetary, is non-harmful, has a high liquefying point, is light-weight, and is a biodegradable inexhaustible material. Subsequently, the strengthening keratin filler will help produce maintainable items that utilizations elastic, for example, tires. Diapers/Feminine Hygiene Products The spongy materials are fit for retaining body liquids, for example, pee and menses. Subsequently, the spongy materials are remembered for the items that are utilized close to the skin. Such materials can be gotten from wood mash, cellulosic strands, or artificially delivered superabsorbent (13, 18). An internal center of diapers and female cleanliness items is intended to retain water

Role of the Government Essay - 825 Words

Market Structure and the Role of the Government (Essay Sample) Content: Market Structure and the Role of the GovernmentNameInstitutionMarket Structure and the Role of the GovernmentAn industry is comprised of all firms making identical or similar products (Dewar, 2010). The kind of market structure existing in an industry depends on the number of firms and nature of competition in that industry. The four primary market structures include perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition (Dewar, 2010). In a perfect competition market, there are many sellers and many buyers. In this case, no particular sellers decision will impact on the market prices. In this kind of market structure, firms are price takers and products are homogeneous. A monopoly market structure exists when a single producer is the sole provider of a given product that has no close substitutes. In this kind of market, the firm is the price maker and entry and exit by other firms is blocked. In a monopolistic competition market situation, there is a l arge number of sellers offering similar but differentiated products. In this kind of industry, each firm represents just a small percentage of the total market. In addition, there market entry and exit is easy. In an oligopolistic market situation, there are few firms that produce similar or differentiated products. These firms are mainly large corporations that dominate the market. Entry into this kind of market is hard since the few existing firms enjoy great economies of scale (Dewar, 2010).A monopolistically competitive market consist a large number of small firms making similar but differentiated products (Dewar, 2010). These firms have a relatively large and flexible resource base, with extensive market knowledge. In this case, each firm depicts some kind of market control thus facing a demand curve that is negatively sloped. In the short run, firms in a monopolistically competitive market are making economic profit. The condition of free entry and exit in this market allows o ther firms to enter the market thus driving economic profits to zero in the long run. In the presence of many firms, every seller in the monopolistically competitive market pursues maximum profits by adjusting the long-run plant size and short-run production (Schotter, 2009). In this pursuit, the quantity produced equals the marginal revenue. That is, marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue. Economic profit and loss are the major driving forces for the entry and exit of firms in a monopolistic industry. In this way, the economic profits earned by firms induce the entry of other firms that in turn drive the profits to zero (Schotter, 2009).A public good refers to a product whose consumption by any one individual does not reduce its availability to another person and from which no one is excluded (Schotter, 2009). Public goods exhibit two major characteristics. These are non-excludability in use and non-rivalry in consumption. A good is non-rivalrous if one individuals consumption cannot hamper or reduce other peoples ability to consume the product. A good is non-excludable if it counterproductive and expensive to exclude some people from using it (Schotter, 2009). The failure to consider the marginal social cost of consumption usually leads to congestion of a public good. In addition, a public good is said to be indivisible. That is, a public good cannot reasonably be divided into smaller units. Public goods are mainly provided through public policies. This condition usually leads to conflicts between the interest of individual consumers and different groups. The conflict between group interest and self-interest results to an outcome, the prisoners dilemma. The prisoners dilemma kind of utility outcome corresponds to the Pareto-inferior allocation of goods in an economy (Dewar, 2010).Product differentiation exists in two types. These are artificial product differentiation and real product differentiation (Dewar, 2010). Artificial product differentiation occ urs when products provided in a market setting are the same. However, consumers are influenced through packaging, sales techniques, advertising, and other marketing activities, to perceive the products as different. Producers and manufacturers create differences in the product packaging, brand name, size, shape, and design in order to persuade the consumers. In front of artificial product differentiation, sellers exhibit some degree of monopoly power where they manipulate a product in the process of searching or making their own prices (Schotter, 2009). In the process, consumers choice of preference is affected. That is, a consumer will be willing to pay for a product depending on the sellers marketing strategy, price, and the consumers perception of a given s...

Maintaining Proper Time Management Skills - 975 Words

It is known that maintaining proper time management skills will constitute into leading a successful personal and professional life. Time management is important but is often a struggle amongst professionals; me being one of many who are struggle. After carefully analyzing my routine, I’ve noticed that I often struggle with making it to appointments in a timely manner, completing assignments long before the due date, and committing to multiple engagements at the same time. At first, I would conclude that I was just overwhelmed with my duties but later found out that my time management skills were suffering. As a working graduate student, the procrastination on given assignments and appointments increased tremendously; as expected. According to Nonis and Hudson, today’s college students are less prepared for college level work than their predecessors. (2010) Once students get to college, they tend to spend fewer hours studying while spending more hours working. (Nonis and Hudson, 2010) As years passed, many college students have more responsibilities hence the need to work while in school. With increased responsibility, priorities tend to be rearranged and an area of your life may be neglected. Both Nonis and Hudson believe that due to outside obligations, the students’ would be negatively affected academically. (Nonis and Hudson 2010) Nonis and Hudson tested they’re hypothesis by connecting the direct relationship between the time spent on academics outside of the classroomShow MoreRelatedDriven Special Competencies In The Mechanics Of Leadership703 Words   |  3 Pagesand search customer account information. Acquainted with the tensions and stages of organizational challenges during tough economic times and the need to reform and build sustainable processes. 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Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Essay - 1804 Words

Cultural Things Some would say that the essential element of Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart is that of the struggle. The role of customs and traditions are incredibly important and decides the fate of men, women, and children. The main character Okonkwo is at odds with himself, the world, and his future throughout the story. This book deal with the obstacles arising from the conflicts of man vs. self, and man vs. society. Throughout the story Okonkwo gains morals and life lessons that change him on his journey of personal growth. Tradition Things Fall Apart is set in the 1890s, at a point when the Europeans started to colonize Africa and in particular Nigeria. This novel explorers the traditions of European literature of Africans that describe them as primitive and savages. The attitudes in novel this are rooted into our insight that the District Commissioner in the book seems familiar with most people perspectives. He is superior acting and very dismissive of people calling them savages, and totally unaware of the rich of Igbo life. Digression is at tool that Achebe s uses in abundance in the novel. The novel s central story is the tragedy of Okonkwo, to Achebe The novel is a documentary, but the energy of Achebe s narrative protects the book from reading like an anthropology text. The reader is allowed to see the Igbo people through their own eyes, as they celebrate rituals and holidays that mark important moments in the year and in the people sShow MoreRelatedChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1719 Words   |à ‚  7 PagesThings fall apart is a classic novel written around the turn of the century, the novel focuses on the protagonist who we can also call a hero, Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a wealthy and respected leader within the Igbo tribe of Umuofia in eastern Nigeria. Strong individual with a passionate belief in all the values and traditions of his people. 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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease System

Question: Discuss about the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease System. Answer: Introduction Chronic- obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)is a condition that is characterized bythe air-flow limitation, which is not completely reversible (GOLD, 2010). It includes airflow obstructive diseases such as chronic- bronchitis and emphysema. In-spite of effective COPD control, the patients may experience many episodes of exacerbations affecting their physical as well as mental health. Additionally, COPD exacerbations incur a high cost and affect the pulmonary function and quality-of-life (Toy, 2010). This case study discusses about Mr. Bill McDonald, a 65 year old male who has got admitted in the hospital with chief complaints of dyspnea even at rest, increased lethargy, wheezing with chronic- productive cough producing excessive purulent- sputum and was diagnosed to have acute exacerbations of COPD. He is found to smoke one pocket of cigarettes per day for 35 years and has history of recurrent- bronchial infections. This essay discusses in detail about the pathophysiology, medical a nd nursing management for Mr. Bill with acute exacerbations including home-care considerations, community resources available and educational plan. Pathophysiology of acute and chronic COPD COPD is a condition in which the airway is obstructed by chronic bronchitis and emphysema or a combination of both (Hinkle, 2014). Any damage or inflammation in the larger airways of lungs can result in chronic- bronchitis which is referred to as a condition in which an excessive production of sputum with recurrent cough persisting for at-least three months/year for two consecutive years due to chronic smoking (Lewis, 2013). As, Mr. Bill is a chronic smoker for 35 years, the cigarette smoke has irritated the walls of bronchioles causing hyperplasia of mucous-secreting glands (including goblet cells) in the bronchi leading to increased mucus production. Moreover, the hyperplasia of cells has reduced the diameter of the airway resulting in reduced clearance of mucus. Smoking has reduced the ciliary movements causing reduced clearance of secretion resulting in sputum accumulation leading to the multiplication of micro-organism bronchiolar infections (Barnes, 2014). Because of inadequate clearance, Bill has experienced chronic cough with production of purulent sputum. Because of recurrent bronchiolar infections, more number of neutrophils with macrophages were released, which in-turn has released proteolytic enzymes leading to the destruction of alveolar tissues that again increases inflammation, edema and infectious process causing formation of exudates. More frequently, the micro- organisms have colonized in Bill leading to recurrent bronchial- infections causing excessive mucus accumulation resulting in occlusion of smaller bronchioles (Hinkle, 2014). This has increased resistance to airflow that in-turn has increased the effort of breathing leading to decreased oxygen supply to tissues causing hypoxemia. Additionally, there was a diminished respiratory drive with increased tendency to hypo-ventilate and retain CO2. Because of this, most of the lung areas are not ventilated and so oxygen diffusion could not occur leading to dyspnea both at rest and activities. Hence, Bill with chronic bronchitis requires oxygen both at rest and activities as the disease progresses. As Bill is a smoker, bronchospasm develops frequently that adds to the already existing airway resistance results in further increase in work of breathing and impaired gas exchange which is manifested by dyspnea and lethargy than usual. On auscultation, because of increased CO2 retention in lungs, the lung sounds such as scattered crackles, ronchi and wheezes were heard (Lewis, 2013). Because of smoking, an acute exacerbation of COPD has occurred in Bill, which is an event in the course of COPD that is characterized by the acute- changes in the usual clients dyspnea, cough and sputum production (Hurst, 2009, Eisner, 2010). Its severity has been ranked as level-I (treated at home), level-II (needs hospitalization), level-III (results in respiratory failure) in which Bill lies in level-II (Ghoshal, 2012). Medical management The first step to treat acute-exacerbations involves increasing the dose and frequency of short-acting bronchodilators. If it is unresponsive, bronchodilators with oral corticosteroids should be given. Short-acting 2- agonist (e.g. Salbutamol- 100-to-200 mcg) with nebulizer and Tab. Prednisolone (30mg) OD was administered for 7 days for Bill (Hurst, 2009). If there are changes in the characteristics of sputum, antibiotics should be added based on the causative bacterial-pathogen. Antibiotics should be started only for patients with sputum (Garvey, 2012). In regard to Bill, Levofloxacin (500mg daily) was administered for 11days because of the presence of Pseudomonasspp. in his sputum specimen (Currie, 2009). Theophylline might be administered in patients who are unresponsive to treatment which is not administered for Bill. Oxygen should be administered at any stage of exacerbation in the presence of hypoxemia to improve his base-line oxygenation to at-least 60 mmHg and to maintain oxygen saturation of at-least 90% (Garvey, 2012). Bill was administered with 2 liters/min of oxygen through nasal-cannula and his O2 saturation was 88% and PaO2 55 in ABG. Non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation could be used to reverse acute- respiratory failure which was not used for Bill. Nursing management As Bill was having COPD exacerbation, he was monitored for PaO2, PaCO2 with pH, at the time of admission, treatment and at the time of changes in patients condition. Pulse oximeter was connected to monitor the oxygen saturation. Oxygen was administered to Bill at the rate of 2 liters/min through nasal-cannula to maintain normal oxygen-saturation thereby to prevent occurrence of respiratory acidosis/hypercapnia. Mechanical ventilation should be started only when pH 7.35 (Ghoshal, 2012). He was monitored carefully to prevent increased CO2 washout that may lead to respiratory depression as CO2 act as a respiratory-drive for Bill (Lewis, 2013). Therefore, oxygen should be given at lower rate to prevent CO2-narcosis. Upright position was provided to expand the lungs to promote oxygenation. Bill was demonstrated to perform pursed-lip-breathing that was helpful to increase expiration so as to prevent bronchiolar-collapse with air-trapping (Lewis, 2013). He was guided to practice abdominal-breathing that helped him to use diaphragm in-stead of accessory-muscles so as to promote maximal inspiration as well as to reduce the respiratory rate. In case of abdominal-breathing, the abdomen will protrude at inspiration and contract at expiration, where the diaphragm pushes the air outside the lungs and promotes control over Bills breathing especially during dyspnea and exercises. Deep-breathing with coughing-exercise was demonstrated to promote expulsion of lung secretions so as to promote normal breathing. His position was changed once in 2 hours to prevent aspirations. Chest physiotherapy (bronchial tapping) was performed to remove excess lung secretions (Hinkle, 2014). Bill has experienced difficulty in breathing and consuming food simultaneously and hence small and frequent diet (six meals) was encouraged (Seo, 2014). He was encouraged to drink 3 liters of fluid/day to promote hydration so as to liquefy the lung secretions and promote mucus expulsion (Hanania, 2010). The fluid was given only in-between the meals but not with meals to avoid abdominal distention that might increase his dyspnea. Gas-forming and carbonated foods were avoided as they will cause abdominal distention causing dyspnea. Very cold and hot foods were avoided as it may cause coughing spasms. Home-care considerations The role of nurse is crucial in educating home-care considerations to COPD patients (Zakrisson, 2011). Bill is discharged with portable oxygen to prevent hypoxemia as he is a chronic COPD patient. Nasal-cannula (2 liters/min) was arranged for Bill as it is safe and simple to use at home and is comfortable and acceptable. It will not interfere with eating, talking, coughing, walking or moving. But, its position should be maintained to avoid dislodgement. Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) will help to improve neuro-psychological function, increase activity- tolerance, reduce hematocrit and decrease pulmonary-hypertension. As, Bill was stable with PaO2 of 55 mmHg and SaO2 (less than 88%), LTOT was allowed. Regular nasal-cannula was arranged to deliver O2 from central source at home. He was given with liquid O2 as it is portable and holds 6-8 hr O2 supply at 2 L/min and the reservoir will lasts for 7-10 days (Lewis, 2013). He was instructed about the methods of using oxygen at home, its importance, advantages, disadvantages and precautions to be followed. He was instructed to put the nasal straps properly and not to be too tight. Observe the ear-tops for skin breakdown and pad it, if needed (Hanania, 2010). Bill was educated to assess oral as well as nasal mucous membrane for 2-3 times/ day and advised to apply water-based gel over the nasal membrane and lips (Lewis, 2013). Encouraged to wash mouth frequently and use humidifier to avoid dryness in skin resulting in skin breakdown and infection. He was advised to remove the nasal-cannula and clean it with water for 2-3 times/ day and clean the skin carefully and observe for bruises, scratches and cuts. He was instructed to change disposable equipments regularly and to remove sputum that is coughed-out. He was advised to post No Smoking boards at home and not to use electric razors, open flames, mineral oils, blankets (wool) or portable- radios near the oxygen area and not to allow smoking in home (Lewis, 2013). He was encouraged to remain active and travel normally. Oxygen could be arranged by private companies at the destination point. If, he wishes to travel by bus, train or flight, notifications should be given to make O2 reservations. High-altitude stimulation-test should be performed in a hospital to determine the amount of O2 needed for traveling in flight. Resources available In Government, COPD National-Program as well as Lung-cancer programs are the major programs available within Lung- Foundation. They are supported by the Information with Support-Centre of Lung- Foundation which operates a toll-free telephonic number for COPD patients, care-takers and physicians to make a call and speak with team member (who can guide them to get resources and get link to the support- services) or to talk to a Lung-Care Nurse. There are other foundation areas as Respiratory-infectious diseases, Bronchiectasis registry, Multi-centre clinical-trial network, telephonic support- group and community- awareness events (Harper, 2013). Usually, home oxygen- systems are also rented from a private company, which sends a pulmonary nurse and/or respiratory therapists to the patients home. These therapists will teach about the method of using O2 system, method of caring O2 system and how to identify, when the system is getting low and needs to re-order (Lewis, 2013). The staff nurse has to make arrangements with the community-health nurse to obtain O2 equipments from an agency and receive follow-up home-care regularly. The agency will make arrangements to receive an O2 concentrator with portable tanks and concentrated O2 with oxygen regulators and supplies (20m of tubing with nasal-cannula). He was educated about basic anatomy with physiology of lung along with pathophysiology, features with complications for COPD through Australian Lung Association videos. Breathing retraining techniques as pursed-lip breathing and abdominal-breathing techniques were demonstrated. Energy-conservation methods as pacing the activities and performing pursed- lip breathing while performing activities was educated. The medication list with all the medications such as oral/ inhalant corticosteroids, antibiotics, -adrenergic receptors and anti-cholinergics was given with instructions for dosage, frequency, route, mode of action and side effects. He was demonstrated about the method of using inhaler (Lewis, 2013). He was educated about method of using oxygen at home with precautions. His family was guided to manage emotional issues as depression, anxiety, panic attacks, dependency, intimacy and interpersonal relationship issues. He was educated about COPD management plan that involves focusing on self-management and knowing features of exacerbations that may exacerbate in winter (Jenkins, 2012, Bruce, 2007). He should be educated with the need to report changes with reasons for flare-ups, recognizing features of respiratory infection and yearly follow-up. He was advised about the support and rehabilitative sources available (Casey, 2011). He was advised to avoid crowds and contact with persons with respiratory infections and to obtain influenza immunization. Conclusion Epidemiologic data indicate that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Patients with poorly managed COPD are likely to experience exacerbations that require emergency department visits or hospitalizationtwo important drivers contributing to escalating healthcare resource use and costs associated with the disease. Exacerbations also contribute to worsening lung function and negative outcomes in COPD. The aim of this review is to present the perspective of nurse practitioners and physician assistants in terms of providing the pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic modalities needed to treat current and prevent future exacerbations. Major respiratory guidelines recommend treatment of acute exacerbations with short-acting bronchodilators, oral corticosteroids and antibiotics, as appropriate. Supplementary oxygen and/or ventilatory support may also be beneficial to selected patients. Treatments to minimize the risk of future exacerbations should include maintenance pharmacotherapies, risk-reduction measures (e.g. smoking cessation, influenza and pneumonia vaccinations), pulmonary rehabilitation, self-management support and follow-up care. Thus, this case study discusses in detail about chronic and acute COPD. I have learnt about the pathophysiological sequence of acute and chronic COPD that is caused by chronic smoking. I have learnt about the medical as well as nursing management plans of a patient with acute exacerbations of COPD. I understood about the home-care considerations of patient with portable oxygen and community-support services available with discharge plan for COPD patients. Reference Barnes, P.J. (2014). COPD, An Issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=0323260918 Bruce, M.L. McEvoy, P. (2007). COPD: your role in early detection.Nurse Prac.32:2434. Casey, D., Murphy, K., Cooney, A. Mee, L. (2011). Developing a structured education programme for clients with COPD:Br J Community Nurs.16:2317. Currie, G. (2009). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=0199563683 Eisner, M.D et al. (2010). Committee on Nonsmoking COPD, Environmental and Occupational Health Assembly. An official American Thoracic Society public policy statement: novel risk factors and the global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:Am J Respir Crit Care Med.182:693718. Garvey, C. Ortiz, G. (2012). Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Open Nurs J. 6: 1319. doi:10.2174/1874434601206010013 Ghoshal, A.G, Dhar, R. Kundu, S. (2012). Treatment of Acute Exacerbation of COPD: SUPPLEMENT TO JAPI. 60: 38- 43 GOLD- Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. (2010). Global strategy for diagnosis, management, and prevention of COPD.Retrieved from https://www.goldcopd.org/uploads/users/files/GOLDReport_April112011.pdf Hanania, N.A Sharafkhaneh, A. (2010). COPD: A Guide to Diagnosis and Clinical Management. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=1597453579 Harper, E. (2013). Lung foundation Australia: promoting lung health and supporting those with lung disease: J Thorac Dis. 5(4): 572577. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.08.39 Hinkle, J.L. (2014). Brunners and Suddarths Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing. (13th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Hurst, J.R et al. (2009). Temporal clustering of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:Am J Respir Crit Care Med.179:36974. Hurst, J.R. (2009). Management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: a state of the art review:BMC Med.7:40. Jenkins, C.R et al. (2012). Seasonality and determinants of moderate and severe COPD exacerbations in the TORCH study:Eur Respir J.39(1):3845. Lewis, S.M., Heitkemper, M. M., Dirksen, S.R. (2013). Medical Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. (9th ed.). Missouri: Mosby. Seo, S.H. (2014). Medical Nutrition Therapy based on Nutrition Intervention for a Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clin Nutr Res. 3(2): 150156. doi:10.7762/cnr.2014.3.2.150 Toy, E.L et al. (2010). The economic impact of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exacerbation definition: a review:COPD.7:21428. Zakrisson, A.B et al. (2011). Nurse-led multidisciplinary programme for patients with COPD in primary health care: a controlled trial:Prim Care Respir J.20(4):42733.

New Deal Relief Projects Essays - New Deal Agencies,

New Deal Relief Projects After the major crisis of the banking situation had slightly blown over, President F.D.R. faced a new and much more prominent problem; and that was to provide relief and other charities for the unemployed and now many homeless families, along with struggling businesses and facilities. He quickly designed many new programs that would surely help these families that were in desperate need of it. The Public Works Administration (PWA) was designed to provide the public with certain necessities, without providing the politicians with the opportunity of corruption, Roosevelt watched over these proceedings carefully. The plans that were implemented at this time included huge public buildings, dams, irrigation and other flood- control projects. Another relief plan that helped businesses in particular was the National recovery Administration, (NRA) along with the National Industrial Recovery Act, (NIRA). These were designed to help businesses by eliminating unfair competition through a series of codes and newly established laws. The laws against combinations of large businesses were suspended as long as workers were guaranteed specific minimum wages, maximum hours, and the right to bargain as an organization. A very successful relief operation that was specifically designed for young men was the Civilian Conservation Corps, (CCC). This organization provided work for and unemployed and unmarried men. They received food and shelter and were paid about $30 a month for their services, and $25 of that monthly sum was intended on providing for their families. Over 250,000 men joined this group, living together in army-type camps. They performed outdoor work such as digging ditches, fighting fires, also restoration and construction of homes. They benefited from the workout, and their families

Analyse and compare two tabloid newspapers Essays

Analyse and compare two tabloid newspapers Essays Analyse and compare two tabloid newspapers Paper Analyse and compare two tabloid newspapers Paper Analyse and compare two tabloid newspapers one quality and one popular TABLOIDS are the newspapers that are printed on an A3 size of paper and contain more than just news and world events. In a tabloid, the news shares the content along with sports, advertisements and other features. In this part of my coursework, I plan to evaluate and compare the front pages of two British tabloid newspapers. THE DAILY EXPRESS For my analysis, I have chosen the published copy of the Daily Express dated 14th May 2004. The main photograph on the front page occupies around 20% of the whole side. The photo is of a well-recognised personage, Victoria Beckham. She is wearing designer clothes, dark glasses, and carries a handbag. She stands on a tiled floor. The sophisticated designers wear of the woman connotates her wealth; we also learn of her fame from her presence on the front page of the paper. The lighting of the photograph is on this woman; the background has been kept dark and mysteriously unknown. We can tell that the setting of the picture is negligible, as the photographer has deliberately left the background unfocused. The tiled floor gives the connotation of a public place. The unimportant setting is also realized from the proportions of the picture; the figure of the woman fills most of the frame, leaving as little background as possible. The womans expressions are not very positive; the picture is a snatch photograph where the subject is unaware of the photographer and hasnt posed. The body posture of Victoria Beckham with one leg ahead of the other and the face being turned away from the camera also supports the idea of a snatch photograph. Her stance implies that she may have been photographed while walking. Her facial expressions and lips suggest that she may have been talking. Such a snatch photograph can urge people to buy the newspaper because Victoria Beckham is a celebrity and a snatch photo of hers could make them want to find out what has been happening with her. The key article of the front page is not linked to the main photograph. The headline of this front page says, Abortion dad 13 : WE WERE GOING TO CALL HER CHLOE. The headline is a quotation, possibly used from an interview with the person involved. The newspaper claims that the front-page article is an exclusive, a story covered by their press only. This is an intelligent way to attract their audience, as people will believe that what they can read in the Daily Express they will not get a chance to read anywhere else. A puff (used for self-promotion) has also been used where the Daily Express has labelled itself as The Worlds Greatest Newspaper. There is also a byline telling the reader that the editorial has been written by the chief reporter of the Daily Express. The topic of the main article concerns the abortion of the baby of two teenagers, one 13 and the other, 14 years old. It fundamentally tells the reader of the opinions of the couple and their relatives, on the abortion of the unborn child. There are approximately 104 words in the article, with 13 lines and about 8 words in each line. The editorial begins with a stand first; an introductory paragraph that tells the reader what the story is about. We are then given information on the main people involved in the incident. Finally, the opinions of related people are given, leaving the article somewhat unfinished, with a potential libel. However, it is difficult for the reader to guess if the claims made by the paper are true or false. The most important piece of information in the whole piece of writing is given at the very end of the article; this is where the reader learns that the mother of the pregnant girl had not been told about the abortion and was considering suing for assault. This is what leaves us at a kind of cliffhanger, as we do not find out if the mother did sue. The reader may also doubt if this claim made by the paper is true. The article is structured so that it gives some basic facts at the very beginning and the reader can know whom the story is about. Every piece of information is put down very briefly, with about half a sentence for all the different sides of the story. By and large, the Daily Express has decided to make the headline as eye-catching as possible, but has left the actual critique very concise. Being typical of tabloids, the front page does not have as much of concrete news as it has other items. THE TIMES The Times tabloid is a highbrow. Originally, a broadsheet newspaper, the tabloid is a bit lighter, but with the heavy content of the broadsheet Times. For my analysis of The Times, I have chosen the published copy dated 14th May 2004. The focal picture on the front page occupies about 40% of the side. It is the photograph of a woman standing all alone in a very big stadium. She is not an acknowledged person. Her face is expressionless with her chin held high. She wears simple clothes with ordinary colours and no accessories. Her hair has been tied back in a rough, clumsy manner. The proportions of the stadium to the woman are huge. This gives the reader the connotation that the setting of the photograph is much, much more important than the subject in it. This is also realised from the fact that the woman is not a well-known person. The photographer has wanted to make the reader focus on the location of the picture. The expressions on the womans face are rigid, and her body, stiff. In vast vicinity, she is the only person the reader can see. Although she stands at the centre of a huge stadium, we are given the impression that she does not have the freedom of moving about. The woman has posed for the photograph and looks straight into the camera. A caption has been used underneath the picture, telling us its location and about the subject in it. It also tells us why it has been taken so that a person who sees the picture can read the caption and decide if they are interested in reading the article that it is linked to. The Times is very different from the Daily Express. The Daily Express has tried to catch the attention of its audience by putting the image of a popular celebrity on the front-page so that people get curious to know what all they can find out about her. They have used the figure of a posh and trendy figure, in a snatch pose. The populace can tell by looking at the photograph that what they can find out about Victoria Beckham in the Daily Express, may not be from her own words, but inside information about her private life. In comparison to the Daily Express, the Times has concentrated on a calculated photograph. For attracting an audience, they have chosen to display how far they have progressed into a particular issue and important information that they have researched on world events. They focus on the venue of the picture, whereas, the Daily Express only focuses on the individual they know people will be attracted towards. The headline on the front page of the Times reads : Army to block fuel revolt. The headline gives the reader information about a government organisation and a decision that may be undertaken in the near future. There is also a strapline (a secondary headline) above the headline, separated from it by the photograph, which says, On the night of another bombing in Athens, I spent two hours inside the Olympic stadiums ring of steel. The audience will believe these to be the words of the woman from the main picture. Consequently, they will feel inquisitive about knowing what occurred with her. The item on the front page is a Splash; it is the only main article on that side. The editorial is about the price of petrol and revolts that may rise as a result of the increase in petroleum prices. It gives information on the involvement of the army in the matter and also about fuel shortages that have occurred in the past. The entire item consists of 94 lines with about 4 words in every line, hence resulting in approximately 376 words on the whole. The most significant information is given at the very beginning of the article where the reader is straightaway plunged into the issue, being fed facts on how the government has plans to prevent fuel revolts and the participation of the armed forces. The first paragraph sums up everything that the editorial has reported overall. After the first paragraph, the reader can choose if they wish to go into the details of the event. We are firstly given information about the people involved in the affair and then about the steps that may be getting carried out in its concern. We are educated about the history of the whole issue and why steps are being taken to stop certain things. There is a byline telling the reader that the article has been written by the Transport Correspondent of the Times. The Times has used Self Regulation as it has agreed on a Code of Conduct to keep all material legal, decent, honest and truthful. The dissimilarity between the Daily Express and the Times starts at the very beginning, with the headlines. The headline of the Times shortens down the most important fact of the front-page article, while the Daily Expresss headline is a quotation from the main editorial. It gives the reader no clue on what the item is about so that they have to peruse the whole article to find out what the story is. The article of the Times hasnt claimed itself to be exclusive, like the Daily Express, and neither has a puff been used. The front-page item of the Daily Express concerns a trivial but drastic event. However, the Times tells the reader about a vital event taking place in the world. In the entire front-page editorial of the Daily Express, the reader only learns of the event and the people associated with it. The Times, on the other hand, tell us what the event is, its history, its causes, consequences and what is being done about it. The news of the Daily Express is more personal than the Times, which gives a broader view of a big world event. The article of the Daily Express begins with a stand first. A person will only get to know of the people involved in the issue by reading the first paragraph; to find out the whole story, they will need to read the whole item. In contrast to this, the Times gives its readers the most important information at the very beginning and the readers, then being knowledgeable about the event, can choose whether or not to carry on reading. Overall, the Daily Express has made its front-page very appealing and the Times has published theirs closer to a broadsheet. The following table compares the overall content of the Times and Daily Express :- THE TIMES THE DAILY EXPRESS NEWS 60% 45% FEATURES 18% 10% ADVERTISEMENTS 10% 10% SPORT 10% 25% OTHER 2% 10% A quality tabloid follows all the traits of a tabloid newspaper, but its news content is a shortened version of the same broadsheet paper. Alternatively, a popular tabloid doesnt give very much of news, especially on the front page. It is more concerned in making its front-page eye-catching, to make more of the public buy it.

Dissertation2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Dissertation2 - Essay Example A similar pattern of social influence was also reported by those who were identified as in-group members and as protà ©gà ©s. In-group members and mentored individuals reported greater use of expert and referent power than out-group members and non-mentored people. Further, out-group members and non-mentored individuals both reported a greater use of coercive power than did in-group members and protà ©gà ©s. Research interest in mentor/protà ©gà © relationships developed during the 1980s. It arose largely without articulated conceptual links to other topics in social/organizational psychology such as leadership, social influence, pro-social behavior, or social exchange. The first studies of this developmental relationship were descriptive and exploratory, such as Krams early research (2003) which identified two functions that mentors provide their protà ©gà ©s: career and psychosocial. More recent research (Noe, 1998a, 458) has examined the process and outcome of formal assigned mentor-protà ©gà © pairings and, in particular, the difference in outcomes between formal and naturally developing informal mentoring relationships (Chao, Walz, & Gardner, 2002, 619). Noe (1998b, 68) reviewed work on mentoring as it pertains to womens career development. He recommended clarifying the nature of the mentoring construct, suggesting several research questions about the development and effectiveness of these relationships. Noe also stated that "the use of leader-member exchange theory may further understanding of the dynamics involved in the formation of mentorships" (p. 73). Consistent with Noes recommendations, the present study was designed to investigate the convergence of mentoring relationships with another construct in social/organizational psychology: high-quality leader-member exchange (LMX). To explore the convergence of LMX and mentoring, we propose that

Critical Thinking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Critical Thinking - Assignment Example The effectiveness of sight can be limited by; colour blindness, night blindness, and when an eye is damaged such as looking directly at the sun, presbyopia which is aging. The sense of hearing is also limited by high pitch, loudness, and sound waves which are of high rates. (Schopenhauer, 1851) There are some reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. Though the sensory organs may be active, environmental influences may tamper with our interpretation of the data the organ is sending to us. For example you can look into a forest and hear the silence and think that you can walk freely and safely but when walking an animal come down from a tree. Sensory organs are not always correct when interpreting some Sensory data that’s why we should not always rely on them. The sense of sight provides accurate information about the surrounding. For example if you see a tree swaying you know there is wind. When one touches a hot substance, a person’s sense of feeling will send a message to the brain and you are able to know that you can get burned. There are factors that contribute to the accuracy of sensory data and they are; oral sensory sensitivity, repeatability, use of mathematical tools to assess accuracy and reliability. By oral sensitivity, what a person says is stored in the brain since one can remember very well what one said and the responses given by others and the reactions from others. There are short and long term memories. Both rely on the sensory information storage (SIS) which holds images. Repeatability is reminding one thing at a time to avoid loosing some information which might be needed for reference. It improves the accuracy of information since the information cannot get lost. Also with the use of mathematical tools, accuracy is very high since the measurements are taken with a lot of care because one doesn’t want to make mistakes. Nature is the environment that we are living in and it’s the one that

Final Exam Study Guide Essay Example for Free

Final Exam Study Guide Essay Review Sheet Delivered on Monday, December 2, for the Final Exam to be administered on Monday, December 9. Gai Ferdon, Ph. D. Carefully consider each the following questions and be prepared to answer all of them in a multiple question format. The Exam will not contain questions unrelated to these unless presented for extra credit. To facilitate reflective thinking, the Exam will also contain questions related to quotations found in works by significant individuals mentioned in class, for you to examine and tease out the basic assumptions. This review sheet has been delivered one-week in advance of the Exam, offering you ample time to prepare. You are encouraged to tackle sections of the review sheet, presented as subject headings identical with lecture handouts. Budget your time wisely to ensure a successful grade. Move Towards American Independence and State Constitutions American War for Independence (â€Å"1763† 1776-1783) 1. Who originally crafted the Declaration of Independence? With this, what is the significance of ‘Congress’ in its title? Who further altered and ratified the document? – Committee of 5 (Jefferson, Franklin, Adams, Sherman, Robert Livingston) – It’s a split, severing connections with Britain – Continental congress 2. What is the significance of the Declaration of Independence relative to the American Constitutional Order and System? It was a legal charter for the USA 3. Be able to identify the civil principle clearly enunciated in the Declaration of Independence known as the â€Å"Doctrine of the Lower Magistrate. † In this regard, you will need to refresh yourself on the role of the Continental Congresses. Lower magistrate corrects Upper magistrate 4. What is meant by the phrase â€Å"Laws of Nature and Nature’s God,† as America’s legal claim for separation from Great Britain and located in the preamble to the Declaration of Independence? – Their philosophical region for separating from great Britain. God endowed us with certain rights and if they are violated we are allowed to separate from whomever is violating them. 5. You will be required to read certain portions of the Declaration of Independence to tease out its civil principles. In this regard, be able to identify the ‘justification for legal authority’ to separate from Britain, which represents the legal claim made by the representatives. With this, how can we be certain that the Declaration of Independence is not a â€Å"deistic document† textually? Long train of abuses and user patience / they call on God as a witness 6. Three-fourths of the Declaration of Independence is devoted to enumerating twenty-eight charges against King George III. Twenty-four of these charges were originally located in State Constitutions. These grievances also depict violations in relation to what? 7. Does the Declaration of Independence delineate of express a structure of government, or a prerogative of power, and hence, representative of a Constitution? NO 8. What is the difference between the engrossment of the Declaration of Independence and the Dunlop Edition? Engrossment It was handwritten and then signed Dunlop was printed and handed out 9. When did the United States become a sovereign nation? July 4th 1776 10. Where is the engrossment of the Declaration of Independence housed? NARA Articles of Confederation 1781-1789: A System of Confederalism and State Sovereignty and the U. S. Constitutional Convention (May 25 – September 1787): Steps Towards a More Perfect Union 1. What was the nature of the civil arrangement of the Articles government? In other words, was it national, confederal, or federal? – Confederal Government 2. What led to the move towards the Constitutional Convention of 1787? The weakness of the articles of Confederation 3. Make certain you are able to identify the correct dates relative to the adoption of the Declaration of Independence as well as the ratification of the Articles of Confederation, and the adoption of the U. S. Constitution by the Constitutional Convention. Declaration – July 4th 1776 Articles of Confed. – November 15th 1777 US Constitution – September 17, 1787 4. Be able to identify the nature of the deliberations during the constitutional convention. In other words, what was the main concern in regards to forming a new national civil structure? 5. What is the nature of the civil arrangement of the U. S. Constitution? In other words, was it national, confederal, or federal? Confederal What is the nature of federalism? Nature of Federalism – Abuse Power 6. Who drafted the U. S. Constitution? – Committee of 5 (Oliver Ellsworth, James Wilson, Edmund Randolph, Nathaniel Gorhand) 7. Who ratified the U. S. Constitution? – The states The United States Constitution: A Civil Covenant 1. What is the significance of the Federalist Papers (1787-1788)? Be prepared to read excerpts from some of these editorials to tease out the basic ideas. 2. What is the significance of Elliot’s Debates? – The record of the debates of the states on whether they would ratify the constitution or not. 3. What represents the philosophical nature of the U. S. Constitution? – Limited civil government to ensure ordered Liberty 4. Be able to identify the definition of a republic which the U. S. Constitution embodies. – PowerPoint 18 5. Be able to identify the proper definition of federalism. – Divided authority and diffuse power to a tri part system with checks and balances within a constitutional framework for the sake of ordered liberty. (Sovereignty lies no where, its spread out through the entire system. ) Slide 4 6. Why are people best governed by a diversity of power as opposed to a unity of power? Diversity of power makes tyranny harder to achieve 7. What is the law of the nature of the power of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, which the U. S. Constitution assumes to be true? In other words, what is the function of each of these branches? What Constitutional Articles identify the nature of these powers? – Articles 1-3 slide 9 8. Be able to identify the federal nature of the US Constitution. In this regard, you will be expected to identify the mechanics and structure of Federalism. With this, do not neglect the place of checks and balances and separation of powers as part of Federalism know these categories as well. – Federal in nature, republican in form 9. Be able to identify some of the principal instruments of checking and balancing outlined in the U. S. Constitution. – Veto powers in terms of office. All are located in lecture 18 10. What are the four kinds of power associated with the U. S. Constitution? What is the definition of each? – Enumerated – The power that is expressly given, Implied – Powers that are not expressly given but are implied, Concurrent – Powers possessed by the national and the state governments, Residual – Powers preserved for the states and for the people 11. What is the significance of Amendments IX and X of the Bill of Rights to the U. S. Constitution? – Residual Powers Principles of Economics: Hazlitt Hazlitt Text: Be prepared for one question related to each of the following chapters: Title is the answer 1. Chp. 4: â€Å"Public Works Mean Taxes† – Public works arnt the best idea in the world because it taxes the people more 2. Chap. 5: â€Å"Taxes Discourage Production† 3. Chap. 6: â€Å"Credit Divers Production. † 4. Chap. 11: â€Å"Who’s ‘Protected’ by Tarriffs? † – The governments own interests 5. Chap. 12: â€Å"The Drive for Exports† – To get income a different way than taxing people 6. Chap. 13: ‘â€Å"Parity† Prices’ 7. Chap. 15: â€Å"How the Price System Works† Your Exam will also contain five extra credit questions. With this, your extra credit option presented in Blackboard must be submitted along with your Final Exam.

Mordecai Richler’s The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz Essay -- Appren

Mordecai Richler’s The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz Cunning though he is, Duddy Kravitz fails to learn the tricks of his trade and, consequently, fails to become a whole person. In Mordecai Richler’s The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, Duddy’s peers succumb to his antics, thereby becoming deficient as Duddy’s teachers. Duddy’s amoral business associates are masters of ruthlessness and deceit, and his family members are enfeebled by the society they live in. Trained at the hands of these cripples, Duddy Kravitz is unable to complete his apprenticeship. Duddy Kravitz’s apprenticeship takes place where "the boys grew up dirty and sad, spiky also, like grass beside the railroad tracks." (The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, 46) At the Fletcher’s Cadets Parade, the boys whom Duddy learns from in his early years tell crude jokes and defect to buy rye. Duddy is also the president of room forty-one at Fletcher’s Field High School. He learns from his peers that the vulnerability of others can be used to his own advantage. From singing songs with lewd lyrics to tormenting his class masters and the rabbinical college students, Duddy elicits positive reaction from his peers. No one dares to accuse Duddy of lying, though his classmates see the outrageousness in his tales of Bradley’s exploits in Arizona. His peers humour him and stroke his ego. They applaud his pranks, but Duddy is a coward – he does not take responsibility for his wrongs. Whether it is writing hurtful comments on the board or phoning MacPher son’s wife Jenny – thus causing her death – Duddy learns that he can use his peers to relieve his conscience, "We’re all in this together, you understand?" (40) As the leader of the "Warriors," Duddy learns that his weak peers ... ...and is nobody," and not explaining fully to the boy what he means, Simcha fires the boy’s imagination and lust for land. Surrounded by emotional and psychological cripples, Duddy mistakens his goals in his apprenticeship and does not complete what he should do in order to become a complete person. Duddy’s peers, business associates, and family members all have distorted views of how to approach life, therefore they are unsuitable to preside as Duddy’s masters in Duddy’s apprenticeship in the field of life. Works Cited Richler, Mordecai. The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz. Ed. Malcolm Ross. Toronto: McClelland, 1969. Works Consulted Wainwright, J.A. "Neither Jekyll nor Hyde: In Defence of Duddy Kravitz." Canadian Literature 89 (1981): 56-73. McGregor, Grant. "Duddy Kravitz: From Apprentice to Legend." Journal of Canadian Fiction 30 (1980): 132-40.

Cultural Difference between Ancient Egypt and Ancient China Essay

The Cultural Development of ancient Egyptians and ancient Chinese civilizations were fairly similar but were different on certain ideas. From the way historians looked at the number of gods/goddesses each civilization worshipped, to the inventions and tools the craftsman made to make life less difficult shows the similarity of the two civilization. Both couture’s buried their dead with items of value, practiced ancestor worship, had elaborate systems of Bureaucratic systems of administration and, had rudimentary concepts of Mathematics and Medicine. Ancient Chinese religion based upon Confucianism. Both Taoism and Confucianism began at about the same time, around the sixth century B. C. E. China’s third great religion, Bu. The religion of Ancient Egypt was a polytheistic (many gods) religion with one short period of monotheism (one god). Their religion hosted about 700 different gods and goddesses. Despite the similar concepts of the 2 civilization ancient Chinese: In Egypt, people were buried with thought to preservation, as they believed that the dead would be able to use their bodies in the afterlife. Chinese burial style depended on the province as well as the main religion of the person. But both civilizations were polytheistic (belief in many gods). Ancient Egypt belief system relied heavily on the tales of the many deities that they worshiped. In Ancient Egypt, it was believed that, when a Pharaoh passed away, he was met with many tests. If successful, the Pharaoh would ascend and become the sun god, Ra. However ancient Chinese belief system relied on three major religions: Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism. Taoism was founded during the Zhou Dynasty in the 6th century by Lao-Tzu. The idea of Yin and Yang comes from Taoism. They believed that everything in nature has two balancing forces called Yin and Yang. Confucianism was born in 551 BC. Confucius was a philosopher and thinker. Confucius’ teachings focus on treating others with respect, politeness, and fairness. He thought that honor and morality were important qualities, family was important, and honoring one’s relatives was required. Buddhism was based on the teachings of Buddha. Buddha was born in Nepal, just south of China, in 563 BC. Buddhists believe in a â€Å"rebirth† of the self, and the concept named Karma (all actions have consequences). What makes these two civilizations similar, Egypt and China had similar governments in which they were both monarchies. Both ancient Chinese and ancient Egypt made tools and technology to improve their lives, and make everyday tasks easier. Also both civilizations also required an irrigation system to help regulate and utilize the nearby rivers’ sources. However, this is where the similarities of technology end. Egyptians focused primarily on the afterlife. They built grand pyramids as burial sites and afterlife protection for Pharaohs and important nobles. The Chinese spent their efforts building roads for easier trade and canals for efficient, improved farming. Ancient Egypt and ancient Chinese used paper. China and Egypt are also similar in the fact that they all took use of bronze metallurgy. But although they both used bronze, China was better adapted to it and benefitted more from it. Egypt was slow to develop the use of bronze, and the high cost didn’t allow them to use it much. Ancient Chinese made paper (Papyrus- a tall plant that is like grass and that grows in marshes especially in China). Ancient Egypt are known for their pyramids. The size, design, and structure of the pyramids reveal the skill of these ancient builders. The pyramids were great monuments and tombs for the kings. The Egyptians believed that a king’s soul continued to guide affairs of the kingdom even after his death. To ensure that they would continue to enjoy the blessings of the gods, they preserved the pharaoh’s body through the mummification process. They built the pyramids to protect the pharaoh’s body; the pyramid was a symbol of hope, because it would ensure the pharaoh’s union with the gods. Ancient Chinese rich people had fancier houses, and people also built fancy temples and palaces. All ancient Chinese architecture was built according to strict rules of design that made Chinese buildings follow the ideas of Taoism or other Chinese philosophies. The design idea was that buildings should be long and low rather than tall – they and symmetry: both sides of the building should be the same, balanced, just as Taoism emphasized balance. Both Ancient Egypt and Ancient Egypt were both river civilizations that faced the challenge of flooding of their nearby rivers, which made irrigation systems and tracking floods important. While researching ancient Chinese and ancient Egypt I saw that each civilization had the same ideas but they took their prior knowledge and bulled on it, in different ways. Based on this evidence and facts I gathered I conclude that ancient Egypt and ancient China are the strongest and longest lasting civilizations because of their organization. Also since each civilization’s location was closed off, intruding and trying to conquer weren’t a major issue. While writing this paper I learned that with each civilization’s advanced tools and inventions it impacted everything and influenced all the technology we have today.

Scope of Public Administration - 972 Words

Q). Explain the scope of public administration. While reviewing the scope of public administration we come across 2 views: a) Broader view and b) Narrower view A. Broader view : in its broader view the study of public administration is conceptualized to include the areas and activities of all the three branches of government ie legislative, executive and judiciary. It refers to all the activities undertaken for the implementation of all public policies, civil as well as military. Acceptance of such a view of public administration makes its scope very wide and large and it becomes even ambiguous and unwieldy. B. Narrower view or Managerial View: As per this view the scope of public administration is concerned only with the†¦show more content†¦It also includes planning, programming and execution of public action, recruitment and problems connected with research, information and public relations. The sphere of applied administration implies that public administration is confined to the application of administrative decisions. Walker has made the attempt to classify the main form of applied administration on the basis of the principles. 1) Political – includes the study of executive, legislature, its relationship politico administration activities of cabinet, ministers and official relationship. 2) Legislation – includes delegated legislation and preparatory work done by the officials in the drafting of bills for legislative enactments. 3) Financial – including the whole fiscal administration from preparation of the budget to its execution. 4) Defence-includes the study of military administration. 5) Educational- covers the study of all aspects of educational administration. 6) Social- Social administration includes all administration in the social field such as housing, food, social security and employment. 7) Economic- economic administration includes a ll activities In the economic field which includes industries, agriculture, foreign trade, commerce, public enterprises etc.. 8) Foreign or international administration covers foreign administration which includes internationalShow MoreRelatedInsurance Coverage For Mental Disorders1679 Words   |  7 PagesDate- 03/27/2016 Insurance coverage for mental disorders INTRODUCTION In the mid twenty first century, 80 percent of persons with maladjustment had some type of open or private medical insurance coverage. 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